七年级英语语法思维导图
名词 (Nouns)
类别 | 单数形式示例 | 复数形式规则及例词 | 特殊注意事项 |
---|---|---|---|
普通名词 | book | +s: pens, maps; 以s/x/ch/sh结尾+es: buses, boxes, brushes; 辅音+y变ies: families, cities | 不可数名词无复数(如water, advice) |
专有名词 | China | 不变(首字母大写):the Great Wall → two Great Walls? ×(通常不用复数) | 人名、地名等特定场合可加’s表所属 |
集合名词 | family | 单复同形:people, cattle;或用成员个体替代(a team → three teams) | police/military永远复数形式 |
物质名词 | gold | 默认不可数;量化时借用单位词(a bar of chocolate) | sand→two sands(不同种类的沙子)例外 |
抽象名词 | happiness | 一般不可数;具体化时可数(an honor=一件光荣的事) | knowledge侧重整体性,不用复数 |
✅重点记忆口诀:
“叶菜瓜果变果菜,加-es奇迹来;f/fe结尾要换v,妻子拿刀去砍狼(wife→wives, knife→knives);o结尾常加-es,英雄土豆西红柿(potatoes, tomatoes)。”
代词 (Pronouns)
功能类型 | 例子与用法 | 常见错误警示 |
---|---|---|
人称代词主格 | I love reading. She teaches us English. | 避免混淆宾格(me/him误作主语) |
形容词性物主代词 | This is my bag. His father is a doctor. | ≠名词性物主代词(mine vs my不能混用) |
反身代词 | She hurt herself while skating. The kids made themselves costumes. | 必须与主语保持人称/数一致 |
不定代词 | somebody/anybody +单数动词;everything is ready | no one后面接单数谓语 |
it的特殊用法 | It’s raining outside. / It takes half an hour to walk there. | 形式主语代替真正主语(To learn English is important → It is important...) |
💡易错点突破:
当句子出现两个动作时,注意反身代词的位置:
✘ She introduced Tom to Mary. → ✔ She introduced herself to them.
冠词 (Articles)
类型 | 使用场景举例 | 典型陷阱规避 |
---|---|---|
定冠词the | 特指双方已知事物(Close the door)、独一无二的职务(the Queen)、序数词前(the second)、乐器名称(play the piano) | “发明类”固定搭配不用冠词(by car/bus) |
不定冠词a/an | 首次提及的可数名词(a university)、职业身份泛称(He works as an engineer) | hour发音以元音开头要用an(an honest boy) |
零冠词 | 复数可数名词表泛指(Dogs are loyal)、不可数名词(Water boils at 100℃)、节假日名称(at Christmas) | 球类运动前绝不加the(play football) |
❗高频考点对比:
表达方式 | 正确例句 | 错误示范 |
---|---|---|
go to school | He goes to school by bike. | go to the school × |
in hospital | She works in hospital. | in the hospital × |
have breakfast | We have breakfast together. | have a breakfast × |
数词 (Numerals)
分类 | 构成规则与实例 | 应用场景提示 |
---|---|---|
基数词 | dozen(12), score(20), hundred/thousand/million(无复数不加s):three hundred people | 十亿以上每三位逗号分隔(2,567,890,123) |
序数词 | first, second... twenty-first;日期写法:May 5th=the fifth of May | 楼层表达用序数词(live on the third floor) |
分数 | 分子基分母序:one third;复合形容词作定语时加连字符(a two-thirds majority) | half可作名词/代词(cut it into halves) |
小数&百分数 | 75=zero point seven five / three quarters;25%读作twenty-five percent | 增长倍数表达(twice as large as...) |
🔍真题模仿造句:
将下列数字译成英文并组成完整句子:
① 第45届运动会 → The 45th Sports Meeting
② 三分之二的学生缺席 → Two-thirds of the students were absent.
形容词与副词比较级/最高级 (Comparative & Superlative Degrees)
变化模式 | 例词变形对照表 | 特殊双写规则适用情况 |
---|---|---|
单音节词直接加-er/est | tall→taller→tallest;fast→faster→fastest | big→bigger→biggest |
双音节以y结尾改i+ee | happy→happier→happiest;easy→easier→easiest | busy→busier→busiest |
多音节前加more/most | beautifully→more beautifully→most beautifully | important→more important→most important |
不规则变化 | good/well→better→best;bad/badly→worse→worst | many/much→more→most |
⚠️典型病句修正:
✘ She sings beautiful than her sister. → ✔ She sings more beautifully than her sister.
问题与解答栏目
Q1: 如果句子是“There are some apples on the table.”改为否定句应该怎么写?
A: There aren’t any apples on the table.
解析:some用于肯定句,否定句中要改为any;are的否定形式为aren’t。
Q2: “He went to Beijing last year.”这句话如何对划线部分提问?(假设对“last year”提问)
A: When did he go to Beijing?
解析:对时间状语提问用when,原句中的动词过去式went保持不变,借助助动词did