“刻板思维”在英语中最核心、最常用的词是 Stereotype,它既可以指“刻板印象”这种观念本身,也可以指“持有这种观念的人”(即抱有偏见的人)。

下面我将从几个方面为你详细解析:
核心词汇:Stereotype
Stereotype 是一个名词,也是整个概念的中心。
作为名词 - 指刻板印象本身
它指的是一个固定的、通常过于简化的信念,关于某一类人、事物或群体的特征。
- 发音: /ˈsteriətaɪp/ (近似:斯-ter-ee-oh-tahyp)
- 例句:
- Gender Stereotype: 性别刻板印象
The stereotype that all women are bad at driving is unfair. “所有女人都开车技术差”这种刻板印象是不公平的。
- Racial Stereotype: 种族刻板印象
We should challenge harmful stereotypes about different cultures. 我们应该挑战关于不同文化的有害刻板印象。
- National Stereotype: 国家刻板印象
The stereotype of the French being rude is not always true. “法国人很粗鲁”这种刻板印象并不总是真的。
- Gender Stereotype: 性别刻板印象
作为动词 - 指将某人/某事刻板化
当你用刻板印象去看待或描述某人时,"to stereotype"。
- 用法:
to stereotype sb/sth as... - 例句:
You shouldn't stereotype your colleagues based on their age. 你不应该根据年龄来对你的同事抱有刻板印象。
He felt that the movie stereotyped him as a simple-minded action hero. 他觉得那部电影将他刻板化了一个头脑简单的动作英雄形象。
相关词汇和短语
除了 Stereotype,还有一些词和短语可以更精确地描述这个概念。
Stereotypical (形容词)
用来形容某物符合刻板印象的,是典型的刻板印象。
- 例句:
- It's a stereotypical portrayal of a housewife who only cooks and cleans.
这是对一个只会做饭和打扫的家庭主妇的刻板化描绘。
- His response was very stereotypical of a man from his generation.
他的回答非常符合他那一代男人的刻板印象。
- It's a stereotypical portrayal of a housewife who only cooks and cleans.
To have a stereotype about/of... (固定搭配)
表示“对……有刻板印象”。
- 例句:
Many people have a negative stereotype about teenagers. 很多人对青少年有负面的刻板印象。
To fit the stereotype of... (固定搭配)
表示“符合……的刻板印象”。
- 例句:
He perfectly fits the stereotype of a "mad scientist". 他完全符合“疯狂科学家”的刻板印象。
To break/reinforce a stereotype (固定搭配)
表示“打破/强化一个刻板印象”。
- 例句:
- Her success helps to break the stereotype that women can't be leaders.
她的成功有助于打破“女性不能成为领导者”的刻板印象。
- The movie reinforces the negative stereotype of immigrants.
这部电影强化了关于移民的负面刻板印象。
- Her success helps to break the stereotype that women can't be leaders.
近义词和相关概念
这些词与 stereotype 意思相近,但侧重点略有不同。
Prejudice (偏见)
范围更广,指基于预先判断(pre-judgment)产生的负面态度或情感,通常不基于事实,刻板印象是偏见的一种认知基础。
- 例句:
He admitted his prejudice against people from that country. 他承认自己对那个国家的人抱有偏见。
Bias (偏见,偏向)
指一种倾向性,可能是无意识的,会影响判断和行为,可以是正面的,也可以是负面的。
- 例句:
There is a strong bias in the media towards younger audiences. 媒体对年轻观众有很强的偏向性。
Generalization (概括,笼统的说法)
这是一个中性的词,指从具体例子推导出普遍结论,如果概括过于简单和武断,就变成了刻板印象。
- 例句:
- Positive generalization: "Most birds can fly." (这是一个普遍概括)
“大多数鸟都会飞。”
- Becomes a stereotype: "All Asians are good at math." (这是一个武断的刻板印象)
“所有亚洲人都数学很好。”
- Positive generalization: "Most birds can fly." (这是一个普遍概括)
下面是一些包含不同词汇的完整句子,帮助你更好地理解它们的用法:
-
Using Stereotype (Noun):
Stereotypes can be harmful and prevent us from seeing people as individuals. 刻板印象是有害的,它会阻碍我们将人视为独立的个体。
-
Using Stereotypical (Adjective):
It's a stereotypical romantic comedy where the man is rich and the woman is poor. 这是一部老套的浪漫喜剧,男人富有,女人贫穷。
-
Using the Verb "to stereotype":
Don't stereotype me just because I wear glasses; I'm not a bookworm. 别因为我戴眼镜就给我贴标签;我不是书呆子。
-
Using "break the stereotype":
The female firefighter is a great example of someone who breaks the stereotype. 这位女消防员是一个打破刻板印象的绝佳例子。
-
Using "prejudice" (a related concept):
His prejudice led him to make unfair assumptions about his new neighbors. 他的偏见导致他对新邻居做出了不公平的猜测。
总结表格
| 英文词汇 | 词性 | 中文含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stereotype | 名词 | 刻板印象 (观念或人) | Stereotypes about blondes are not true. |
| Stereotype | 动词 | 使刻板化,使成陈规 | Don't stereotype me as a gamer. |
| Stereotypical | 形容词 | 符合刻板印象的,老套的 | It was a stereotypical action movie. |
| Prejudice | 名词 | 偏见 (更广泛的负面态度) | He acted without prejudice. |
| Bias | 名词 | 偏向,偏见 (影响判断) | The committee showed a bias towards experienced candidates. |
| Generalization | 名词 | 概括,笼统的说法 | "All birds can fly" is an over-generalization. |
希望这份详细的解释能帮助你全面理解“刻板思维”在英语中的各种表达方式!
