英语 "There be" 句型思维导图
中心主题: There Be 句型
核心概念
- 定义: 表示“存在”，即“在某个地方有某人或某物”。
- 结构:
There + be + 名词 + 地点/时间状语 - 核心思想: 句子的重点在于“存在”这个事实，而不是“there”这个词本身。
There在这里是一个引导词，没有实际意义。
基本结构分解
- There: 引导词，无实际意义。
- be 动词: 根据主语的单复数和时态变化。
is-> 用于单数名词are-> 用于复数名词was-> 用于单数名词的过去式were-> 用于复数名词的过去式
- 名词: 句子的真正主语，决定 be 动词的形式。
- 地点/时间状语: 说明事物存在的位置或时间。
- 地点:
in the room,on the desk,at the school,under the tree - 时间:
yesterday,last week,in 1999,now,in the future
- 地点:
be 动词的选择 (主谓一致)
这是 "There be" 句型的关键。be 动词的形式由它后面的名词决定。
| be 动词 | 名词类型 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| is | 单数名词 | There **is** a book on the desk. (桌子上有一本书。) |
| is | 不可数名词 | There **is** some water in the bottle. (瓶子里有一些水。) |
| are | 复数名词 | There **are** two cats in the garden. (花园里有两只猫。) |
| was | 单数名词 (过去式) | There **was** a meeting yesterday. (昨天有一个会议。) |
| were | 复数名词 (过去式) | There **were** many people at the party. (派对上有很多 people。) |
各种时态
- 一般现在时
There is/are...(现在存在)There isn't/aren't...(现在不存在)Is there/Are there...?(现在是否存在？)
- 一般过去时
There was/were...(过去存在)There wasn't/weren't...(过去不存在)Was there/Were there...?(过去是否存在？)
- 一般将来时
There will be...(将会有)There is/are going to be...(将要)There won't be...(将不会有)
- 现在完成时
There has been...(至今已有 - 用于单数/不可数)There have been...(至今已有 - 用于复数)There hasn't been... / There haven't been...(至今还没有)
- 过去将来时
There would be...(将会有的 - 从过去角度看)There was going to be...(本将有的 - 从过去角度看)
疑问句与否定句
-
否定句
- 结构:
There + be 动词 + not + 名词 + ... - 缩写:
is not->isn'tare not->aren'twas not->wasn'twere not->weren't
- 例句:
There isn't a pen in my bag.(我包里没有笔。)There aren't any students in the classroom.(教室里没有学生。)
- 结构:
-
疑问句
- 结构:
Be动词 + there + 名词 + ...? - 回答:
- 肯定:
Yes, there is./Yes, there are. - 否定:
No, there isn't./No, there aren't.
- 肯定:
- 例句:
Is there a bank near here?(这附近有银行吗？)Yes, there is./No, there isn't.
Are there any apples left?(还剩苹果吗？)Yes, there are./No, there aren't.
- 结构:
特殊用法与拓展
-
与情态动词连用
- 结构:
There + 情态动词 + be + 名词 + ... - 例句:
There must be a mistake.(一定是搞错了。)There can't be anyone in the house.(房子里不可能有人。)There should be more signs here.(这里应该有更多的标志。)
- 结构:
-
"There be" 与 "have/has" 的区别
- There be: 表示“存在”，强调某地“有”东西，主语是物。
There is a picture on the wall.(墙上有一幅画。)
- have/has: 表示“拥有”，主语是人或物，主语是人或物。
I have a picture.(我有一幅画。)The picture has a frame.(这幅画有个画框。)
- There be: 表示“存在”，强调某地“有”东西，主语是物。
-
就近原则
- 当
be动词后面跟由or,nor,either...or,neither...nor连接的多个主语时，be动词的形式与最靠近它的主语保持一致。 - 例句:
There is a pen or two pencils on the desk.(桌子上有一支笔或两支铅笔。)There are two pencils or a pen on the desk.(桌子上有两支笔或一支笔。)
- 当
-
反意疑问句
- 结构:
There be 句子, + be 动词的否定缩写? - 例句:
There is a bird in the tree, isn't there?(树上有只鸟，对吗？)There are some students playing football, aren't there?(有些学生在踢足球，对吧？)
- 结构:
常见错误
-
错误:
There have a book on the desk.- 原因: 混淆了 "There be" 和 "have"。
- 正确:
There is a book on the desk./I have a book.
-
错误:
There is some books on the shelf.- 原因: 主谓不一致。
books是复数，应该用are。 - 正确:
There are some books on the shelf.
- 原因: 主谓不一致。
-
错误:
Is there some milk in the fridge?- 原因: 在疑问句中，
some通常用于肯定句，any用于疑问句和否定句。 - 正确:
Is there **any** milk in the fridge?
- 原因: 在疑问句中，
-
错误:
There a book is on the desk.- 原因: 词序错误。"There" 必须放在句首。
- 正确:
There is a book on the desk.
