核心表达
“具有批判性思维”在英语中有很多种表达方式,可以根据语境和侧重点选择使用。
最直接、最常用的表达
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To have critical thinking
- 例句: A good manager should have critical thinking skills. (一个好的管理者应具备批判性思维能力。)
- 例句: The course is designed to help students have critical thinking. (这门课程旨在帮助学生培养批判性思维。)
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To possess critical thinking
Possess比have稍显正式一些。- 例句: We are looking for candidates who possess strong critical thinking abilities. (我们正在寻找具备强大批判性思维能力的候选人。)
作为名词短语
- Critical thinking
- 这是最核心的名词,可以直接使用。
- 例句: Critical thinking is an essential skill for the 21st century. (批判性思维是21世纪的一项 essential 技能。)
- 例句: The assignment requires a lot of critical thinking. (这项作业需要大量的批判性思维。)
描述一个具有批判性思维的人
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A critical thinker
- 这是最地道、最常见的说法。
- 例句: She is a very critical thinker; she always questions assumptions. (她是个非常具有批判性思维的人，她总是质疑假设。)
- 例句: Our goal is to educate students to become independent, critical thinkers. (我们的目标是教育学生成为独立的、有批判性思维的思考者。)
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Someone who thinks critically
- 另一种常见的描述方式。
- 例句: I need someone who can think critically and solve problems creatively. (我需要一个能批判性思考并创造性地解决问题的人。)
动词形式
- To think critically
- 描述“进行批判性思考”这个动作。
- 例句: It's important to read the news and think critically about what you're seeing. (阅读新闻并对所见所闻进行批判性思考很重要。)
- 例句: He taught us how to think critically, not just memorize facts. (他教我们如何批判性地思考，而不是仅仅记忆事实。)
什么是批判性思维？
在英语语境中，Critical Thinking 的含义远不止是“批评”或“挑刺”，它是一种理性的、反思性的思维,其目的是为了形成合理的判断并做出明智的决定。
它包含以下几个核心要素：
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分析: 将信息或复杂问题分解成更小的部分,以便更好地理解。
- Analyzing the arguments for and against the policy.
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评估: 客观地判断信息的质量、来源的可靠性、论证的有效性。
- Evaluating the credibility of the source before citing it.
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推理: 使用逻辑和证据来得出结论。
- Drawing logical conclusions from the available evidence.
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反思: 对自己的思维过程、偏见和假设进行审视。
- Reflecting on my own biases that might be influencing my judgment.
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提问: 提出有深度的问题，以澄清、挑战或探索更深层次的意义。
- Asking probing questions to get to the root of the issue.
批判性思维就是：不盲目接受，主动提问，深入分析，理性判断。
为什么批判性思维如此重要？
无论是在学术、职场还是日常生活中,批判性思维都被高度重视。
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In Academia (学术领域):
- 写出有深度的论文和报告。
- 理解复杂的理论并进行学术辩论。
- 区分可靠的研究和伪科学。
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In the Workplace (职场):
- 解决复杂的问题和挑战。
- 做出明智的商业决策。
- 创新并提出改进方案。
- 在团队中有效地沟通和协作。
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In Daily Life (日常生活):
- 辨别新闻中的“假新闻”和宣传。
- 做出明智的财务和健康决定。
- 避免被广告、社交媒体或他人的观点轻易操纵。
如何用英语培养和展示批判性思维？
核心词汇和短语
掌握这些词汇可以帮助你更精确地表达批判性思维。
| 英文词汇 | 中文释义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| Analyze | 分析 | Let's analyze the data to find the root cause. |
| Evaluate | 评估 | We need to evaluate the pros and cons of each option. |
| Assess | 评定，评估 | It's too early to assess the success of the project. |
| Examine | 检查，审视 | The committee will examine the evidence carefully. |
| Infer | 推断 | From his silence, I inferred that he disagreed. |
| Reason | 推理 | He reasoned that the only logical conclusion was... |
| Perspective | 视角，观点 | Try to see the issue from another person's perspective. |
| Assumption | 假设 | What are the underlying assumptions in this argument? |
| Evidence | 证据 | Is there any concrete evidence to support this claim? |
| Logical | 逻辑的 | His argument is not logically sound. |
| Fallacy | 谬误，谬论 | The author commits a straw man fallacy here. |
| Objective | 客观的 | We need to remain objective and avoid emotional language. |
| Subjective | 主观的 | His opinion is subjective; it's based on his personal feelings. |
实用句型
在写作和口语中,可以使用以下句型来展示你的批判性思维。
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表达质疑:
- "I'm not sure if I agree with the premise that..." (我不确定我是否同意这个前提……)
- "This argument seems to be based on a questionable assumption." (这个论点似乎基于一个可疑的假设。)
- "Could you provide evidence to support that claim?" (你能提供证据来支持那个说法吗？)
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提出不同视角:
- "Another way to look at this issue is..." (看待这个问题的另一种方法是……)
- "From a different perspective, one could argue that..." (从另一个角度来看，有人可能会争辩说……)
- "While this point has merit, we should also consider its limitations." (虽然这个观点有其优点，但我们也应考虑其局限性。)
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进行综合和推理:
- "Taking all these factors into account, it seems that..." (考虑到所有这些因素，似乎……)
- "The evidence suggests that, rather than... it is more likely that..." (证据表明，与其说是……，更可能是……)
- "Therefore, it can be inferred that..." (可以推断出……)
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反思和总结:
- "On the one hand..., but on the other hand..." (…，但另一方面……)
- "In conclusion, while the author makes a compelling case for..., there are still some unresolved issues." (尽管作者为……提出了有力的论点，但仍有一些未解决的问题。)
- "This analysis highlights the complexity of the problem." (这一分析凸显了问题的复杂性。)
“具有批判性思维”在英语中就是 being a critical thinker 或 having critical thinking skills，它不是负面的“批评”，而是一种积极的、理性的、建设性的思维方式，通过掌握相关的词汇和句型,你可以在英语学习和实践中有效地培养并展示这项至关重要的能力。
